PAKISTAN




Without doubt the most powerful- Muslim Country is PAKISTAN as it is only Atomic  power of Muslim World. This hurt west most that's why they want to brake PAKISTAN... Let's see who win bcz with the establisment of PAKISTAN they do so but now after almost 65 year PAKISTAN is still in this world map.... !
Major bases are Sargodha, Reshapur, chaklal, rafiqi etc..... Let's check it in details.... :)

When the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) was established on August 15, 1947, it had only a small amount of aircraft and only few to fly that amount. There were even fewer places to fly from. The PAF came into being with only thirty-two C-47 Dakotas and types like Tempests, Harvards, Tiger Moths and Auster V's which were delivered to No. 5, 6 and 9 Squadron. Operating these types of aircraft in Pakistan was far from ideal. The Dakotas were having severe trouble flying at their maximum altitude of 10.000 feet to avoid the tops of the world's highest mountains. Because most mountains in northern Pakistan are even taller than that, only one route, which lead through the narrow Indus Valley, could be used to reach the important supply-airfields Chilas, Bunji, Gilgit and Skardu.





 
Things changed drastically in the new millennium. Not only was the Grifo 7 radar chosen for introduction in the F-7P (the radar being built bij the Pakistan Aeronautical Complex at Kamra), the PAF also received over 60 F(T)-7PG aircraft to replace the ageing F-6 Farmers. Additional Mirages were yet again acquired from Lebanon and Libya.


For their help in the anti-terrorism activities the US promissed military aid to Pakistan in 2002 and declared Pakistan a Major Non-NATO ally in 2004. This eventually led to the US granting permission to order and deliver F-16s to the country again. Furthermore six (former RAAF) C-130 are being delivered to bolster the transport capacity. The major earthquake in 2005 led to a delay in the order and the country is looking at a combined order for F-16s and the Chinese J10. The order for new built F-16C/D Block 50/52 was signed September 2006. It also included delivery of the F-16s that were affected by the embargo in the 90s!



Another new type is the FC-1/JF-17 Thunder. The aircraft was developed by a joint venture between CAC and Pakistani Aeronautical Complex (PAC). PAF hopes to acquire 150 aircraft of this type to replace a large number of the Mirages and older F-7s. The first two aircraft of 16 currenly on order for Pakistan arrived on 2 March 2007. They were officially presented on 12 March 2007 and made their first public appearance during the Pakistan Day Parade on 23 March 2007.

Four T-37Cs are forming the aerobatic team the Sherdils (Urdu for "lionhearted"). In the coming years the 20 T-37C aircraft will be replaced by the new K-8 Karakorum. The first K-8s have been operating at the Evaluation Flight at PAF Academy Risalpur since the mid-ninetees but additional aircraft (6 + 22) have recently been ordered. The Primary Flying Training Wing (PAF Academy) at Risalpur has received the first three Super Mushshaks by 10 May 2001. The main improvement on this modified version is a more powerful engine.

In 2006 the country placed an order for Swedish Saab 2000 aircraft equiped with the Erieye-system. This type will eventualy give the PAF the AWACS-capacity it was looking for.
The PAF saw the arrival of Mi-17 transport helicopters and appears to operate a number of Bell 412s as well (26 helicopters of this type were delivered to the various services in 2004/2005).

  



Multi-Role:
                     JF-17 (200+) (local)
                     F-16 A/B (150+)
                     J-10 (100 + by 2015)
                     Mirage-V  (100+)
                     F-7 pg ( 100+)



 JF-17 THUNDER- (Advance Combat baby borne in PAKISTAN)


The JF-17 was developed primarily to meet the requirements of the Pakistan Air Force for a low-cost, medium-technology, multi-role combat aircraft as a cost-effective replacement for its ageing mixed fleet of Nanchang A-5, Chengdu F-7P/PG and Dassault Mirage III/V fighters and also have export potential to air forces of other developing countries as a cost-effective alternative to hi-tech but expensive Western fighters.






Pakistan and China signed the Letter of Intent for the joint development of the JF-17 (then called "Super-7") in 1998, followed by the signing of the Contract in 1999. The project got delayed due to the inability to find an avionics and radar package. In 2001, the Pakistan Air Force recommended that the airframe design be de-coupled from the avionics and radar systems for the aircraft to avoid further delay. This resulted in a fresh impetus to the project and the design was finalized and 'frozen' in 2001. The maiden test flight of the first prototype took place during 2003 in China, later test flights with a modified design with Diverterless Supersonic Intakes (DSI), and a modified tail design took place in 2006. Deliveries to the Pakistan Air Force for further flight testing and evaluation began in 2007,[9] the aircraft's first aerial display also taking place that year in Islamabad, Pakistan. The Pakistan Air Force officially inducted its first JF-17 squadron on 18th February 2010.




   

                                     (JF-17 Thunder PROUD of   PAKISTAN )





The JF-17 is expected to cost approximately US$15 million per unit. The Pakistan Air Force has announced that it has a confirmed order for 150 JF-17s, which may increase to 250 aircraft. The JF-17 will replace Pakistan's MiG-21-derived Chengdu F-7, Nanchang A-5 and Dassault Mirage III/Mirage V aircraft currently in service. Azerbaijan, Zimbabwe and eight other countries have expressed interest in purchasing the JF-17 at a recent military exhibition in Pakistan, according to an official.


 Thunder is combine manufacturing of China and Pakistan. In china it is know as FC-1. This is close couter part of Lockheed-Martian F-16. Advance and highly multirole Fighter and produce locally this gave PAKISTAN unbeatable air power.

Tactical avionics


The communication systems comprise two VHF/UHF radios, one of them having capacity for data linking. The data link can be used to exchange data with ground control centres, AWACS/AEW aircraft and other combat aircraft also equipped with compatible data links. The ability to data link with other "nodes" such as aircraft and ground stations allows JF-17 to become part of a network, improving the situational awareness of the pilot as well as other entities in the network (see network-centric warfare).






The JF-17 has a defensive aids system (DAS) made up of various integrated sub-systems. A radar warning receiver (RWR) gives data such as direction and proximity of enemy radars to the pilot and electronic warfare (EW) suite, housed in a fairing at the tip of the tail fin for greater coverage, that interferes with enemy radars. The EW suite is also linked to a missile approach warning (MAW) system to help it defend against radar-guided missiles. The MAW system uses several optical sensors mounted on the airframe (two of which can be seen at the base of the vertical stabiliser) that detect the rocket motors of missiles and gives 360 degree coverage.[7] Data collected by the MAW system, such as direction of inbound missiles and the time to impact (TTI), is also shown on the cockpit displays and HUD to warn the pilot. A counter-measures dispensing system releases decoy flares and chaff to help the aircraft evade enemy radars and missiles trying to track and destroy the aircraft. The DAS systems will also be enhanced by integration of a self-protection radar jamming pod which will be carried externally on one of the aircraft's hardpoints.[6]
The first 42 production aircraft currently being delivered to the Pakistan Air Force are equipped with the NRIET KLJ-7 radar, a smaller variant of the KLJ-10 radar fitted to the Chengdu J-10, developed by China's Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology (NRIET). Its multiple modes allow surveillance and simultaneous engagement of multiple air, ground and sea targets, of which a total of 40 can be managed. Using the track-while-scan (TWS) mode, the radar can track up to 10 targets at beyond visual range (BVR) and engage 2 of them simultaneously with radar homing air-to-air missiles.[60] The operation range for targets with a radar cross-section (RCS) of 5 m2 is stated to be ≥105 km in look-up mode and ≥85 km in look-down mode.

It is known that a helmet-mounted sights/display (HMS/D) system will be installed on the JF-17, although the exact type is yet to be confirmed. This system assists in targeting enemy aircraft by projecting targeting information onto the pilot's visor and tracking the movements of his head/eyes. A Chinese HMD is stated to be available for installation on the fighter. Also to be integrated is a FLIR (Forward Looking Infra-Red) pod for low-level navigation in low visibility and IRST (Infra-Red Search and Track) system for passive monitoring and targeting of enemy aircraft.

A day/night laser designator targeting pod will be integrated with the aircraft's avionics and carried externally on one of the hardpoints for guiding laser-guided munitions. An extra hardpoint may be added under the starboard air intake, opposite the cannon, for mounting such pods. No specific targeting pod has been selected, but a Chinese system such as the FILAT (Forward-looking Infra-red Laser Attack Targeting) pod may be integrated if a suitable Western system is not available. To reduce costs associated with buying large numbers of targeting pods, during strike missions the aircraft's tactical data-link will be used to transmit targeting data to other aircraft not equipped with targeting pods.


                        SEE THE COMPARISON OF JF-17 AND F-16  
Weaponry


JF-17 can be armed with up to 3,629 kg (8,000 lb) of air-to-air and air-to-ground ordnance, as well as other equipment, mounted externally on the aircraft's seven hardpoints.[3] One hardpoint is located under the fuselage between the main landing gear, two are underneath each wing and one at each wing-tip. All 7 hardpoints communicate via a MIL-STD-1760 data-bus architecture with the Stores Management System,[6] which is stated to be capable of integration with weaponry of any origin.[67] Internal armament comprises one 23 mm GSh-23-2 twin-barrel cannon mounted under the port side air intake, which can be replaced with a 30 mm GSh-30-2 twin-barrel cannon.
                                    


A model of the JF-17, armed with six Chinese air-to-air missiles, on display at a defence exhibition. The larger missiles mounted inboard are medium range SD-10s, the four smaller ones being short range PL-5Es.The wing-tip hardpoints will normally be occupied by short range infra-red homing air-to-air missiles, while many combinations of various ordnance and equipment (including avionics such as targeting pods) can be carried on the under-wing and under-fuselage hardpoints. Under-wing hardpoints can be fitted with multiple ejector racks, allowing each hardpoint to carry two 500 lb (241 kg) unguided or laser-guided bombs (Mk.82 or GBU-12). It is currently unknown if multiple ejector racks can be used for other ordnance such as beyond visual range air-to-air missiles.[7] The under-fuselage and inboard under-wing hardpoints are plumbed, enabling them to carry droptanks of various sizes for extra fuel (see propulsion and fuel system).


Active radar homing beyond visual range (BVR) air-to-air missiles can be deployed once integrated with the on-board radar and data-link for mid-course updates. The Chinese PL-12/SD-10 is expected to be the aircraft's primary BVR air-to-air weapon, although this may change if radars of other origin are fitted. Short range infra-red homing missiles currently integrated include the Chinese PL-5E and PL-9C, as well as the AIM-9L. The PAF is also seeking to arm the JF-17 with a modern fifth generation close-combat missile such as the IRIS-T or A-darter. These will be integrated with the helmet mounted sights/display (HMS/D) as well as the radar for targeting.
.






Unguided air-to-ground weaponry includes rocket pods, gravity bombs of various sizes and anti-runway munitions such as the Matra Durandal. Precision-guided munitions (PGM) such as laser-guided bombs and satellite-guided bombs, as well as other guided weapons such as anti-ship missiles and anti-radiation missiles can also be deployed

ABOVE (left)- Pairs of  Thunder during a flight
BELOW- Cockpit of JF-17 , clearly shows the advance multi-function Hand-on display and Fly-by-wire system. 
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General characteristics


Crew: 1

Length: 14.0 m [99] (45.9 ft)

Wingspan: 9.45 m (including 2 wingtip missiles) [99] (31 ft)

Height: 4.77 m (15 ft 8 in)

Wing area: 24.4 m² [99] (263 ft²)

Empty weight: 6,411 kg (14,134 lb)

Loaded weight: 9,100 kg including 2× wing-tip mounted air-to-air missiles [6][100] (20,062 lb)

Max takeoff weight: 12,700 kg [100] (28,000 lb)

Powerplant: 1× Klimov RD-93 turbofan

Dry thrust: 49.4 kN [3][8] (11,106 lbf)

Thrust with afterburner: 84.4 kN [3][101] (18,973 lbf)

G-limit: +8.5 g [3]

Internal Fuel Capacity: 2300 kg (5,130 lb) [6]
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Performance


Maximum speed: Mach 1.8 [6][38] (1,191 knots, 2,205 kph)

Combat radius: 1,352 km [3] (840 mi)

Ferry range: 3,000 km [8] (2,175 mi)

Service ceiling: 16,700 m [8] (54,790 ft)

Thrust/weight: 0.99 [3][6]
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Armament

Guns: 1× 23 mm GSh-23-2 twin-barrel cannon (can be replaced with 30 mm GSh-30-2)

Hardpoints: 7 in total (4× under-wing, 2× wing-tip, 1× under-fuselage) with a capacity of 3,629 kg (8,000 lb) external fuel and ordnance

Rockets: 57 mm, 90 mm unguided rocket pods [103]
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Missiles:



Air-to-air missiles:

Short range: AIM-9L/M, PL-5E, PL-9C

Beyond visual range: PL-12 / SD-10

Air-to-surface missiles:

Anti-radiation missiles : MAR-1

Anti-ship missiles: AM-39 Exocet

Cruise missiles: Ra'ad ALCM


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Bombs:



Unguided bombs:

Mk-82, Mk-84 general purpose bombs

Matra Durandal anti-runway bomb

CBU-100/Mk-20 Rockeye anti-armour cluster bomb

Precision guided munitions (PGM):

GBU-10, GBU-12, LT-2 laser-guided bombs

H-2, H-4 electro-optically guided,[7] LS-6 satellite-guided glide bombs [102]

Satellite-guided bombs [7]
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Others:

Up to 3 external fuel drop tanks (1× under-fuselage 800 litres, 2× under-wing 800/1100 litres each) for extended range/loitering time
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Avionics


NRIET KLJ-7 multi-mode fire-control radar [59]

Night vision goggles (NVG) compatible glass cockpit [6]

Helmet Mounted Sights/Display (HMS/D)

Infra-Red Search and Track (IRST)

Externally mounted avionics pods:

Self-protection radar jammer pod

Day/night laser designator targeting pod

Forward Looking Infra-Red (FLIR) pod


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                #2         J-10 (FC-20) - Advance- Multirole From China"



The Chengdu J-10 (simplified Chinese: 歼十; traditional Chinese: 殲十; pinyin: Jiān Shí, meaning "Annihilator (Interceptor) Ten") is a multirole fighter aircraft designed and produced by the People's Republic of China's Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation (CAC) for the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). Known in the West as the "Vigorous Dragon", the J-10 is a multi-role combat aircraft capable of all-weather day/night operation, that the PRC's People's Daily has compared to the F-16, Mirage 2000 and Su-27.
The status of the J-10 next-generation fighter program remained somewhat ambiguous until December 29, 2006, when the Xinhua News Agency officially disclosed its active duty status with the PLAAF
PAKISTAN IS MAJOR EXPORT CUSTOMER FOR J-10. IN P.A.F IT IS KNOW AS FC-20
Airframe and cockpit




A model of the J-10.Constructed from metal alloys and composite materials for high strength and low weight, the airframe's aerodynamic layout adopts a "tail-less canard delta" wing configuration. A large delta wing is mid-mounted towards the rear of the fuselage, while a pair of canards (or foreplanes) are mounted higher up and towards the front of the fuselage, behind and below the cockpit. This configuration provides very high agility, especially at high speed. A large vertical tail is present on top of the fuselage and small ventral fins underneath the fuselage provide further stability.




A rectangular air intake is located underneath the fuselage, providing the air supply to the engine. Also under the fuselage and wings are 11 hardpoints, used for carrying various types of weaponry and drop-tanks containing extra fuel.
The retractable undercarriage comprises a steerable pair of nose-wheels underneath the air intake and two main gear wheels towards the rear of the fuselage.
The cockpit is covered by a two-piece bubble canopy providing 360 degrees of visual coverage for the pilot. The canopy lifts upwards to permit cockpit entry and exit. The Controls take the form of a conventional centre stick and a throttle stick located to the left of the pilot. These also incorporate "hands on throttle and stick" (HOTAS) controls. A zero-zero ejection seat is provided for the pilot, permitting safe ejection in an emergency even at zero altitude and zero speed.

Crew: 1 (basic), 2 (trainer variant)[15]


Length: 15.5 m (50 ft 10 in)

Wingspan: 9.7 m (31 ft 10 in)

Height: 4.78 m (15.7 ft)

Wing area: 39 m² (419.8 ft²)

Empty weight: 8,000–9,730 kg (17,637–21,451 lb[47])

Loaded weight: 18,500 kg (40,785 lb [48])

Useful load: 4,500 kg (9,920 lb)

Max takeoff weight: 19,277 kg (42,500 lb[15])

Powerplant: 1× Saturn-Lyulka AL-31FN or WS-10A Taihang turbofan

Dry thrust: 79.43 kN / 89.17 kN (17,860 lbf / 20,050 lbf)

Thrust with afterburner: 122.5 kN[15] / 129.4 kN (27,557 lbf / 29,101 lbf)
Maximum speed: Mach 2.2 at altitude,[15] Mach 1.2 at sea level[7]


g-limits: +9/-3 g (+88/-29 m/s², +290/-97 ft/s²[7])

Combat radius: 550 km (341 mi[7])

Service ceiling: 18,000 m (59,055 ft [49])

Wing loading: 335 kg/m² (64 lb/ft²)

According to Chengdu Aircraft Industry Corporation officials the J-10 uses a multi-mode fire-control radar designed in China. The radar has a mechanically scanned planar array antenna and is capable of tracking 10 targets. Of the 10 targets tracked, 2 can be engaged simultaneously with semi-active radar homing missiles or 4 can be engaged with active radar homing missiles
The radar is believed to be designed by the Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology (NRIET), designated KLJ-10 and a smaller variant is claimed to be installed on the JF-17 light-weight fighter.[29] Believed to be based on technologies from Russia, Israel or a combination of both, the radar should be comparable to Western fighter radar designs of the 1990s. It may also be replaced by more advanced radars of other origin on export versions of the J-10. The Italian FIAR (now SELEX Galileo) Grifo 2000/16, has been offered to the Pakistan Air Force for installation on the J-10, should the PAF induct the aircraft.[28] On June 14, it was announced by Chinese state media that a version of J-10 has been equipped with a phased array radar.
In Chinese military technology related exhibitions, various helmet-mounted display (HMD) systems developed by Chinese organisations have been shown. It is believed that the J-10 is integrated with such a system to assist the pilot in targeting enemy aircraft. The J-10 has also been featured in photos and models carrying the FILAT (Forward-looking Infra-red Laser Attack Targeting) pod for laser designation of targets and the Blue Sky forward looking infra-red (FLIR) pod for low visibility, low altitude flights

Due to the J-10's aerodynamically unstable design, a digital quadruplex-redundant fly-by-wire flight control system aids the pilot in flying the aircraft. Chinese aircraft designer Yang Wei is claimed to be the chief designer of the fly-by-wire flight control system, although this is disputed by analyst Richard Fisher who credits Israeli consultants for developing the system.[27] The flight control computer provides automatic flight coordination and keeps the aircraft from entering potentially dangerous situations such as unintentional slops or skids. This therefore frees the pilot to concentrate on his intended tasks during the combat.



 Flight instrumentation

Information is provided visually to the pilot via three liquid crystal Multi-function displays (MFD) in the cockpit. Chief designer of the flight instrumentation panel was Zhou Han (周寒, unrelated to the chief test engineer), who was in charge of both the CRT display design at the early stages of development and the later liquid crystal display (LCD) design that is currently adopted by J-10 in service.
The LCD display panel entered service shortly after 2000. The LCD displays and earlier CRT displays for J-10 (and that of WZ-10, J-11 and JH-7) are manufactured by the Suzhou Long Wind Machinery Plant (苏州长风机械总厂), later reorganized as AVIC Radar and Avionics Equipment Research Institute (中航雷达与电子设备研究院).

In addition to the flight instrumentation, a Chinese holographic head-up display (HUD) is also present. The HUD shows important flight and combat related information such as targeting cues. It can also be used as a radar scope, a feature believed to be inspired by the HUDs of Russian aircraft, that allows the pilot to keep his eyes focused at infinity while working with his radar. Monochrome images from electro-optical avionics pods (FLIR and targeting pods) can also be displayed on the HUD. The HUD was designed to overcome issues with the HUDs of Russian fighters, which experienced significant fogging problems when deployed in humid and tropical zones of China, as they were originally designed for deployment in arid Arctic/sub-Arctic zones. The modular design of the HUD system and use of the MIL-STD-1553B databus architecture allows HUDs of Western origin to be integrated if desired by the user.



Guns: 1× 23mm twin-barrel cannon
Hardpoints: 11 in total (6× under-wing, 5× under-fuselage) with a capacity of 6,000 kg (13,228 lb) external fuel and ordnance [35]
Rockets: 90 mm unguided rocket pods

Missiles:
Air-to-air missiles: PL-8, PL-9, PL-11, PL-12
Air-to-surface missiles: PJ-9, YJ-9K
Bombs: laser-guided bombs (LT-2), glide bombs (LS-6) and unguided bombs
Others:
Up to 3 external fuel drop-tanks (1× under-fuselage, 2× under-wing) for extended range and loitering time

Avionics
NRIET KLJ-10 multi-mode fire-control radar
Externally-mounted avionics pods:
Type Hongguang-I infra-red search and track pod
BM/KG300G self-protection jamming pod
KZ900 electronic reconnaissance pod
Blue Sky navigation/attack pod
FILAT (Forward-looking Infra-red Laser Attack Targeting) pod
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F-16 A/B/C/D
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The Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcon is a multirole jet fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force. Designed as a lightweight, daytime fighter, it evolved into a successful multirole aircraft. The F-16's versatility is a major reason it has proven a success on the export market, having been selected to serve in the air forces of 25 nations.[2] Over 4,400 aircraft have been built since production was approved in 1976.[2] Though no longer being purchased by the U.S. Air Force, advanced versions are still being built for export customers. In 1993, General Dynamics sold its aircraft manufacturing business to the Lockheed Corporation,[3] which in turn became part of Lockheed Martin after a 1995 merger with Martin Marietta.





The Fighting Falcon is a dogfighter with numerous innovations including a frameless bubble canopy for better visibility, side-mounted control stick to ease control while under high g-forces, and reclined seat to reduce the effect of g-forces on the pilot. The F-16 has an internal M61 Vulcan cannon and has 11 hardpoints for mounting various missiles, bombs and pods. It was also the first fighter aircraft deliberately built to sustain 9-g turns. It has a thrust-to-weight ratio greater than one, providing power to climb and accelerate vertically—if necessary.[1] Although the F-16's official name is "Fighting Falcon", it is known to its pilots as the "Viper", due to it resembling a viper snake and after the Battlestar Galactica starfighter.[5][6][7] In addition to USAF active, reserve, and Air National Guard units, the aircraft is used by the USAF aerial demonstration team, the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds, and as an adversary/aggressor aircraft by the United States Navy.
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Pakistan was an early customer for F-16s, seeking to counter their rival India's purchases of Soviet aircraft. The United States obliged by selling increasingly large lots of F-16A/B fighters to Pakistan. An initial order for 40 aircraft was delivered in two installments, and led to a further order for 71 more F-16A/B-15OCU aircraft. Due to political developments relating to Pakistan's nuclear program, these aircraft were embargoed before delivery. 28 aircraft remained in storage while other buyers were sought, but ultimately it was decided that the aircraft would be put into service with the US Air Force and Navy as aggressor aircraft. The remaining aircraft on order had work stopped before completion.


The Pakistani Foreign Military Sales program is known as PEACE GATE.
In November 2006, the Pakistan Air Force signed a Letter of Acceptance (LOA) for 18 new-built F-16C/D Block 52+, 28 F-16A/B Block 15 and 60 Mid-Life-Update M3 Tape modules/kits as part of a $5.1bn deal including fighter aircraft, their related infrastructure, training and ammunition. Deliveries of the F-16A/Bs are expected to begin in 2007, while the initial F-16C/Ds will likely be received sometime in late 2008 or early 2009.


The current procurement program of new-built aircraft as well as refurbishment and upgrade of 60 used and serving aircraft is expected to be complete by 2010-2012, as per the Pakistan Air Force Air Chief Marshal Tanvir Mahmood Ahmed. In April 2006, Janes Defence Weekly reported that the PAF may procure an additional 18 Block 52+ from the current deal. In July 2007, Commander of Central Command Air Forces, Lieutenant General Gary L. North (U.S. Air Force), and another U.S. aviator flew a pair of F-16s to Pakistan for Pakistan Air Force.
In Dec 2009 the first F-16/D block 52+ rolled out for PAF. Its is expected that all 18 F-16C/D will be delivered to PAF by the end of 2010. PAF has announced that it is buying 14 more F-16C/D block 52+ which will be delivered in 2011.

During the Soviet-Afghan war, between May 1986 and January 1989, Pakistan Air Force F-16s shot down at least 10 intruders from Afghanistan. Four of the kills were Afghan Su-22s bombers, three were Afghan transports (two An-26s and one An-24), and one was a Soviet Su-25 bomber. Most of these kills were achieved using the AIM-9 Sidewinder, but a Su-22 was destroyed by cannon fire and the one An-24 crash landed after being forced to land upon interception.
Afghanistan claimed to have shot down one Pakistani F-16A during an encounter on 29 April 1987; the pilot ejected safely and landed in Pakistani territory. Pakistani authorities admitted to having lost a fighter jet to enemy fighters, but suggested that it may have been either an F-16 or an F-6 and insisted it was attacked over Pakistani territory.[78] Subsequently, Pakistani officials confirmed that the loss was an F-16, but asserted it was accidentally shot down in a friendly fire incident during a dogfight with enemy aircraft over Pakistani territory. According to this claim, Flight Lieutenant Shahid Sikandar Khan’s F-16 was hit by an AIM-9 missile fired by another F-16 piloted by Squadron Leader Amjad Javed.

One of the more notable features from a pilot’s perspective is the F-16’s exceptional field of view from the cockpit, a feature that is vital during air-to-air combat. The single-piece, bird-proof polycarbonate bubble canopy provides 360° all-round visibility, with a 40° down-look angle over the side of the aircraft, and 15° down over the nose (compared to the more common 12–13° of its predecessors); the pilot’s seat is mounted on an elevated heel line to accomplish this. Furthermore, the F-16's canopy lacks the forward bow frame found on most fighters, which obstructs some of the pilot’s forward vision

The F-16A/B was originally equipped with the Westinghouse (now Northrop Grumman) solid-state AN/APG-66 pulse-Doppler fire-control radar. Its slotted planar-array antenna was designed to be sufficiently compact to fit into the F-16’s relatively small nose. In uplook mode, the APG-66 uses a low pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) for medium- and high-altitude target detection in a low-clutter environment, and in downlook employs a medium PRF for heavy clutter environments. It has four operating frequencies within the X band, and provides four air-to-air and seven air-to-ground operating modes for combat, even at night or in bad weather.

The Block 15’s APG-66(V)2 model added a new, more powerful signal processor, higher output power, improved reliability, and increased range in a clutter or jamming environments. The Mid-Life Update (MLU) program further upgrades this to the APG-66(V)2A model, which features higher speed and memory.[33][61] Taiwan's Block 20 has APG-66(V)3 that added CW mode in order to guide AIM-7M initially sold to Taiwan in the US announced 1992 deal. The APG-66(V)3 radar already able to guide AMRAAM BVR missiles.



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Mirage Family III-IV&V
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The Mirage III is a supersonic fighter aircraft designed in France by Dassault Aviation during the late 1950s, and manufactured both in France and a number of other countries. It was a successful fighter aircraft, being sold to many air forces around the world and remaining in production for over a decade. Some of the world's smaller air forces still fly Mirage IIIs or variants as front-line equipment today


The Pakistan Air Force is the largest operator of the Dassault Mirage III with a fleet strength of around 156 aircraft. The fleet consists of fighters built for Pakistan (Mirage IIIEP) in the 60s and 70s as well used French, Australian, Libyan and Lebanese aircraft bought in the 1990s and early 2000s. Some 35 of the ex-Australian Mirage III were modernised with new avionics under the first stage of the ROSE (Retrofit Of Strike Element) upgrade programme to make air superiority specialised "ROSE I" fighters.

  • 1S: 18 IIIEP + 43 III(0) + 28 5PA + 28 5PA2 + 12 5PA3
  • 2S: 5 IIIDP + 7 IIID + 2 5DPA2
  • PR: 13 IIIRP
  • The III(0) and IIID models were Australian-made and locally refurbished at the Mirage Rebuild Factory of Pakistan Aeronautical Comple 
General characteristics
  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 15 m (49 ft 3.5 in)
  • Wingspan: 8.22 m (26 ft 11 in)
  • Height: 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in)
  • Wing area: 34.85 m² (375 ft²)
  • Empty weight: 7,050 kg (15,600 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 13,500 kg (29,700 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1× SNECMA Atar 09C turbojet 

                                (About 25 Mirage-V are used by PAKISTAN NAVY in anti-ship role)

Performance


    Armament


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    J-7 pg
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    The Chengdu Jian-7 (export versions F-7) is a People's Republic of China-built version[1] of the Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21. Though production ceased in 2008 it continues to serve, mostly as an interceptor, in several air forces.
    -7MP After nearly two years use of the F-7M, Pakistani Air Force (PAF) returned the 20 F-7M aircraft to China in the late 1980s with recommendations for 24 upgrades, including replacing the original GEC-Marconi Type 226 Skyranger radar with the Italian FIAR Grifo-7 radar, and AIM-9 Sidewinder capability.


    The Italian radar weighs 55 kg, had a slot antenna planar array, and had a range greater than 50 km, while the British radar only weighs 42 kg, with a parabolic antenna, but only had range of 15 km. Both radars have a mean time between failure rate of 200 hours. J-7MP is the design specially tailored to Pakistani requirements.
    • J-7PG Alternative to J-7MG, similar to the J-7MG except with Italian Grifo-MG radar, which further increased the sector of scan to +/- 30 degrees from the +/- 20 degrees of Grifo-Mk-II on F-7P.
    The Grifo-MG radar has better ECCM, look-down and shoot-down capabilities than its predecessor Grifo-Mk-II, while the weight remained the same. The number of targets can be tracked simultaneously is increased from the original 4 of the Grifo-Mk-II to a total of 8 of the Grifo-MG. Pakistan and Bangladesh evaluated the aircraft, and evolved to F-7PG.
    General characteristics
    • Crew: 1
    • Length: 14.885 m (48 ft 10 in)
    • Wingspan: 8.32 m (27 ft 4 in)
    • Height: 4.10 m (13 ft 5 in)
    • Wing area: Greater than 23 m² (247.5 ft²)
    • Empty weight: 5,292 kg (11,667 lb)
    • Loaded weight: 7,540 kg (16,620 lb)
    • Max takeoff weight: 9,100 kg (20,000 lb)
    • Powerplant: 1× Liyang Wopen-13F (R-13-300) [28] afterburning turbojet
      • Dry thrust: 44.1 kN dry (9,914 lbf)
      • Thrust with afterburner: 65.17 kN (14,650 lbf [5])




    Performance Armament
    • Guns: 2× 30 mm Type 30-1 cannon, 60 rounds per gun
    • Hardpoints: 5 in total - 4× under-wing, 1× centreline under-fuselage with a capacity of 2000 kg maximum (up to 500 kg each) [29]
    • Rockets: 55 mm rocket pod (12 rounds), 90 mm rocket pod (7 rounds)
    • Missiles:

    • Bombs: 50 kg to 500 kg unguided bombs
    Avionics
    • Type 226 PD radar (domestic)
    • GEC-Marconi Super Skyranger radar, FIAR Grifo-7 mk.II radar (export)
     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               TRAINERS  
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    K-8:
    The Hongdu JL-8 (or Nanchang JL-8), also known as the K-8 Karakorum, is a two-seat intermediate jet trainer and light attack aircraft built in joint-cooperation between the People's Republic of China (China Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation) and Pakistan (Pakistan Aeronautical Complex). The contractor for this plane is the Hongdu Aviation Industry Corporation. Export versions are designated K-8 Karakorum, after the mountain range that separates China and Pakistan.
    General characteristics
    Performance
    Armament
    • Guns: 1× 23 mm cannon pod (mounted on centreline hardpoint)
    • Hardpoints: 5, total capacity 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) external fuel and ordnance:

      • 4× under-wing, capacity 250 kg each
      • 1× under-fuselage (23 mm cannon pod mount)
    • Rockets: 57 mm unguided rocket pods, capacity 12 rounds
    • Air-to-air missiles: PL-5, PL-7
    • Bombs: 200 kg, 250 kg unguided bomb, BL755 cluster bomb
    • Others:
      • 2× fuel drop-tanks mounted on out-board under-wing hardpoints
    Avionics
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------- T-37 (Tweet) --------------
    The Cessna T-37 Tweet(designated Model 318 by Cessn) is a small, economical twin-engine jet trainer-attack type aircraft which flew for decades as a primary trainer for the United States Air Force (USAF) and in the air forces of several other nations. The A-37 Dragonfly variant served in the light attack role during the Vietnam War and continues to serve in the air forces of several South American nations. Pakistan is one of oldest and bigger user of T-37. It enc operate it in its famous aerobatic team "SHERDIL"   ( above below)   Pakistan Air Force - 63 aircraft, including 24 T-37Bs and 39 T-37Cs. Another 20 T-37s are on order from the U.S.
    ( SHERDIL's over Islamabad ( Capital of PAKISTAN) It severs as basic primary trainer in PAF Academy Risalphur. General characteristics
    Performance
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    MFI-395 Super Mushshak

     

    MFI-395 Super Mushshak (the agile) is a more advanced, upgraded variant of the MFI-17 Mushshak basic trainer. It was designed and is being manufactured at the Aircraft Manufacturing Factory, Pakistan Aeronautical Complex, Pakistan.

     

    General characteristics
    • Crew: 2-3 (student, instructor and optional passenger)
    • Length: 7.15 m (23.5 ft)
    • Wingspan: 8.85 m (29 ft)
    • Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 0.5 in)
    • Wing area: 11.9 sq m (128 sq ft)
    • Powerplant: 1× Textron Lycoming IO-540 V4A5 horizontally opposed 6 cylinder, 194 kW (260 hp)at 2700 RPM (ISA conditions)
    • Propellers: 1× Mccauley or Hartzell, 3 or 2 blade propeller

     -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                  HELICOPTERS

    --------------

    AH-1F (Cobra)

    ----------------

    The AH-1 Cobra (company designation: Bell 209) is a two-bladed, single engine attack helicopter manufactured by Bell. It shares a common engine, transmission and rotor system with the older UH-1 Iroquois. The AH-1 is also referred to as the HueyCobra or Snake. The AH-1 was the backbone of the United States Army's attack helicopter fleet, but has been replaced by the AH-64 Apache in Army service. Upgraded versions continue to fly with the militaries of several other nations. The AH-1 twin engine versions remain in service with United States Marine Corps as the service's primary attack helicopter. Surplus AH-1 helicopters have been converted for fighting forest fires. The United States Forest Service refers to their program as the Firewatch Cobra. Garlick Helicopters also converts surplus AH-1s for forest firefighting under the name, FireSnake.
    Pakistan was supplied with around 20 AH-1F gunships in 1983, these were later upgraded with the C-NITE thermal imaging package. Prior to that Iran had donated some AH-1 helicopters to Pakistan in mid 1970s, which Pakistan used as its main gunship helicopters against insurgents during the Balochistan conflict.[16] The recent insurgencies in the Waziristan regions have seen Pakistani AH-1 gunships in action against Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters as well as their tribal allies. Pakistani gunships have also been used in operations against tribal uprisings in the Balochistan province, supporting the Pakistan Army against well-armed Bugti and Marri tribesmen under the late Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti and the Balochistan Liberation Army, since the mid-2000s.

    Pakistan has several AH-1F and AH-1S Cobra attack helicopters. Sustainment of these aircraft is difficult, but possible through commercial channels. Additionally, the U.S. Government will use $75 million in FY 2009 Pakistan Counterinsurgency Funds to update a portion of the existing Cobra fleet. Pakistan will likely
    seek to replace its current AH-1 Cobras when the AH-1Z becomes available for export, probably in 2015.

    General characteristics
    • Crew: 2 - one pilot, one CPG (co-pilot/gunner)
    • Length: 53 ft (16.1 m) (with both rotors turning)
    • Rotor diameter: 44 ft (13.6 m)
    • Height: 13 ft 5 in (4.1 m)
    • Empty weight: 6,600 lb (2,993 kg)
    • Max takeoff weight: 10,000 lb (4,500 kg)
    • Powerplant: 1× Lycoming T53-L-703 turboshaft, 1,800 shp (1,300 kW)
    • Rotor system: 2 blades on main rotor
    • Fuselage length: 44 ft 7 in (13.6 m)
    • 'Stub wing span: 10 ft 4 in (3.15 m)

    Performance

    Armament
    • M197 3-barreled 20 mm Gatling type cannon
    • Hydra 70 2.75 in (70 mm) rockets - 7 rockets mounted in the M260 launcher or 19 rockets in the M261 launcher[33]
    • TOW Missiles - 4 or 8 missiles mounted in two-missile launchers on each hardpoint


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    Mil Mi-17:
    File:Afghan MI-17 helicopters.jpg
    The Mil Mi-17 (also known as the Mi-8M series in Russian service, NATO reporting name "Hip") is a Russian helicopter currently in production at two factories in Kazan and Ulan-Ude. Mil Mi-8/17 is a medium twin-turbine transport helicopter that can also act as a gunship. The Soviet Union specifically designed the Mi-17 for the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
    File:SkarduAirport1071.jpg
    In May 2008 licensed production of the Mi-17 started in China, with production being led by Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant JSC and the Sichuan Lantian Helicopter Company Limited in Chengdu, Sichuan province. The plant built 20 helicopters in 2008, using Russian Ulan-Ude-supplied kits; production is expected to reach 80 helicopters per year eventually. The variants to be built by Lantian will include Mi-171, Mi-17V5, and Mi-17V7.
                           File:Egyptian Mi-8 Hip helicopters after unloading troops.jpg
                        
    In May 1999, during Operation "SafedSagar", the Mi-17 was used in the first air phase of Kargil operations by 129HU of the IAF against Pakistani regular and Pakistan backed militant forces. One Mi-17 was lost in combat to shoulder fired missiles. Mi-17s were withdrawn and attacks by fixed-wing aircraft began.[4]
    The Mi-17 was used extensively by the Sri Lanka Air Force in the Sri Lankan Civil War. Seven of them were lost in combat and attacks on airports.[4]
    The Mi-17 was used by the Colombian Army in Operation Jaque.
    In 2001, the Macedonian Air Force used the Mi-17 against Albanian insurgents.
    The Mi-17 is also used by search and rescue teams such as the Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department.
    Executive Outcomes used them extensively in its operations in the Angolan Civil War.[citation needed]
    The Mexican Navy utilizes their Mi-17s for anti-narcotic operations such as locating marijuana fields and dispatching marines to eradicate the plantations.[5]
    The Slovakian forces operate Mi-17s in Kosovo as part of KFOR.
    Both the pro-Gaddafi and anti-Gaddafi forces in the 2011 Libyan uprising have operated the type.
                          
    General characteristics
    • Crew: Three – two pilots and one engineer
    • Capacity: 30 troops or 12 stretchers or 4,000 kg (8,820 lb) cargo internally /5,000 kg (11,023 lb) externally slung.
    • Length: 18.465 m (60 ft 7 in)
    • Rotor diameter: 21.25 m (69 ft 10½ in)
    • Height: 4.76 m (15 ft 7¼ in)
    • Disc area: 356 m² (3,834 ft²)
    • Empty weight: 7,489 kg (16,510 lb)
    • Loaded weight: 11,100 kg (24,470 lb)
    • Max takeoff weight: 13,000 kg (28,660 lb)
    • Powerplant: 2× Klimov TV3-117VM turboshafts, 1,633 kW (2,190 shp) each
    Performance
    Armament
    • up to 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) of disposable stores on six hardpoints, including bombs, rockets, and gunpods.
                          
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